Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Risk Factors
- Female sex,
- Obesity,
- Lack of physical exercise,
- Drinking alcohol,
- Hormone replacement therapy during menopause,
- Ionizing radiation,
- Early age at first menstruation,
- Having children late or not at all, and
- Older age.
Signs and Symptoms
1. The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue.
2. A nipple changing position or shape or becoming inverted
3. Skin puckering or dimpling
4. Rash on or around a nipple
5. Discharge from nipple/s
6. Constant pain in part of the breast or armpit
7. Swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone
Diagnosis
1. Medical history and Physical Exam
2. Imaging tests used to evaluate Breast Disease
Imaging tests use x-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves, or radioactive substances to create pictures of the inside of your body. Imaging tests may be done for a number of reasons, including to help find out whether a suspicious area might be cancerous, to learn how far cancer may have spread, and to help determine if treatment is working.
3. Mammograms
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. Screening mammograms are used to look for breast disease in women who have no signs or symptoms of a breast problem. Screening mammograms usually take 2 views (x-ray pictures taken from different angles) of each breast.
4. Breast ultrasound
Ultrasound, also known as sonography, uses sound waves to outline a part of the body. For this test, a small, microphone-like instrument called a transducer is placed on the skin (which is often first lubricated with ultrasound gel). It emits sound waves and picks up the echoes as they bounce off body tissues. The use of ultrasound instead of mammograms for breast cancer screening is not recommended.
5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Breast
MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. The energy from the radio waves is absorbed and then released in a pattern formed by the type of body tissue and by certain diseases. A computer translates the pattern into a very detailed image. For breast MRI to look for cancer, a contrast liquid called gadolinium is injected into a vein before or during the scan to show details better.
Management
The management of breast cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer and the age of the patient. Increasingly aggressive treatments are employed in accordance with the poorer the patient's prognosis and the higher the risk of recurrence of the cancer following treatment.
1. Surgery :
Surgery involves the physical removal of the tumor, typically along with some of the surrounding tissue. Standard surgeries include :
A. Mastectomy: Removal of the whole breast.
B. Quadrantectomy: Removal of one quarter of the breast.
C. Lumpectomy: Removal of a small part of the breast.
2. Medication
Drugs used after and in addition to surgery are called adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy or other types of therapy prior to surgery are called neoadjuvant therapy. Aspirin may reduce mortality from breast cancer.
A. Hormone blocking therapy
B. Chemotherapy
C. Monoclonal antibodies
D. Radiation
Risk Factors
- Female sex,
- Obesity,
- Lack of physical exercise,
- Drinking alcohol,
- Hormone replacement therapy during menopause,
- Ionizing radiation,
- Early age at first menstruation,
- Having children late or not at all, and
- Older age.
Signs and Symptoms
1. The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue.
2. A nipple changing position or shape or becoming inverted
3. Skin puckering or dimpling
4. Rash on or around a nipple
5. Discharge from nipple/s
6. Constant pain in part of the breast or armpit
7. Swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone
Diagnosis
1. Medical history and Physical Exam
2. Imaging tests used to evaluate Breast Disease
Imaging tests use x-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves, or radioactive substances to create pictures of the inside of your body. Imaging tests may be done for a number of reasons, including to help find out whether a suspicious area might be cancerous, to learn how far cancer may have spread, and to help determine if treatment is working.
3. Mammograms
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. Screening mammograms are used to look for breast disease in women who have no signs or symptoms of a breast problem. Screening mammograms usually take 2 views (x-ray pictures taken from different angles) of each breast.
4. Breast ultrasound
Ultrasound, also known as sonography, uses sound waves to outline a part of the body. For this test, a small, microphone-like instrument called a transducer is placed on the skin (which is often first lubricated with ultrasound gel). It emits sound waves and picks up the echoes as they bounce off body tissues. The use of ultrasound instead of mammograms for breast cancer screening is not recommended.
5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Breast
MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. The energy from the radio waves is absorbed and then released in a pattern formed by the type of body tissue and by certain diseases. A computer translates the pattern into a very detailed image. For breast MRI to look for cancer, a contrast liquid called gadolinium is injected into a vein before or during the scan to show details better.
Management
The management of breast cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer and the age of the patient. Increasingly aggressive treatments are employed in accordance with the poorer the patient's prognosis and the higher the risk of recurrence of the cancer following treatment.
1. Surgery :
Surgery involves the physical removal of the tumor, typically along with some of the surrounding tissue. Standard surgeries include :
A. Mastectomy: Removal of the whole breast.
B. Quadrantectomy: Removal of one quarter of the breast.
C. Lumpectomy: Removal of a small part of the breast.
2. Medication
Drugs used after and in addition to surgery are called adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy or other types of therapy prior to surgery are called neoadjuvant therapy. Aspirin may reduce mortality from breast cancer.
A. Hormone blocking therapy
B. Chemotherapy
C. Monoclonal antibodies
D. Radiation
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I was able to overcome senile dementia via a complete naturopathic process.
ReplyDeleteAbout two years ago, when I was 56, I started feeling foggy and had occasional memory lapses. My wife, Mary, started to notice it, too, but I also have hearing issues so she thought that was the problem. My memory problems worsened very gradually over the years, and we lived with it, compensating as needed. I became less social. After some months thereafter, it got to the point where we couldn’t keep making excuses or ignoring it. I had gone from doing our grocery shopping without a list to going with a list, to having the list but not buying what was on it.
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By the existence of such an encounter, I was able to learn of the new approach by which this herbalist successfully treated dementia conditions, which included a distinguished herbal therapy and lifestyle changes of which I had undergone to a tremendous, positive effect.
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I would also wish for the same positiveness upon patients who may happen to be suffering from this debilitating disease, and would warmly beseech them to find a confidant like this herbal specialist with whose professional services I was able to attain a divine recovery.
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