Mpox (Monkeypox)

      Mpox (Monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It can cause a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes and fever. Most people fully recover, but some get very sick.

    The disease mpox (formerly monkeypox) is caused by the monkeypox virus (commonly abbreviated as MPXV), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, which includes variola, cowpox, vaccinia and other viruses. The two genetic clades of the virus are clades I and II.

Image source : WHO

Transmission

Person-to-person transmission of mpox can occur through direct contact with infectious skin or other lesions such as in the mouth or on genitals; this includes contact which is :

➥ face-to-face (talking or breathing) 

➥ skin-to-skin (touching or vaginal/anal sex) 

➥ mouth-to-mouth (kissing) 

➥ mouth-to-skin contact (oral sex or kissing the skin) 

➥ respiratory droplets or short-range aerosols from prolonged close contact

Signs & Symptoms

➸ Rash

➸ Fever 

➸ Headache 

➸ Sore throat

➸ Physical weakness 

➸ Lymph node swelling 

➸ Back pain and muscle aches

Diagnosis

Detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred laboratory test for mpox. The best diagnostic specimens are taken directly from the rash – skin, fluid or crusts – collected by vigorous swabbing. In the absence of skin lesions, testing can be done on oropharyngeal, anal or rectal swabs.

Prevention

1. Avoiding contact with infected animals (especially sick or dead animals).

2. Avoiding contact with bedding and other materials contaminated with the virus.

3. Thoroughly cooking all foods that contain animal meat or parts.

4. Washing your hands frequently with soap and water.

5. Avoiding contact with people who may be infected with the virus.

6. Wearing a mask that covers your mouth and nose when around others.

7. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for people infected with the virus.

Reference :

1. WHO, Mpox (monkeypox), 2023.

2. Cleveland Clinic, Mpox, 2023.