Myxedema

            In about 5% of cases, the underlying causes of Hypertension is known such hypertension is called Secondary Hypertension. The commonest causes of Secondary Hypertension is renal disease. Causes of Secondary Hypertension are as follows ::

1. Alcohol
2. Obesity
3. Pregnancy (pre-eclampsia)
4. Renal disease (most common causes)
• Acute glomerulonephritis
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Renal tumour
• Renal artery stenosis
• Chronic pyelonephritis
5. Endocrine disease
• Phaeochromocytoma
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)
• Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Acromegaly
• Primary hypothyroidism
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-β-hydroxylase or 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
• Liddle’s syndrome
• 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
6. Cardiovascular causes
• Co-arctation of aorta
• Takayasu's disease
7. Drugs
• Oral contraceptives containing oestrogens
• Steroids e.g. prednisolon, dexamethasone
• NSAIDs
• carbenoxolone, sympathomimetic agent