Image From : Dr Parag Dhamane |
Health and Medical Information (HMI)
" Better Information for Better Health "
Thursday, July 13, 2023
Acute Cholecystitis
Tuesday, June 20, 2023
Layers of the Scrotum : Mnemonics
Mpox (Monkeypox)
Mpox (Monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It can cause a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes and fever. Most people fully recover, but some get very sick.
The disease mpox (formerly monkeypox) is caused by the monkeypox virus (commonly abbreviated as MPXV), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, which includes variola, cowpox, vaccinia and other viruses. The two genetic clades of the virus are clades I and II.
Image source : WHO |
Transmission
Person-to-person transmission of mpox can occur through direct contact with infectious skin or other lesions such as in the mouth or on genitals; this includes contact which is :
➥ face-to-face (talking or breathing)
➥ skin-to-skin (touching or vaginal/anal sex)
➥ mouth-to-mouth (kissing)
➥ mouth-to-skin contact (oral sex or kissing the skin)
➥ respiratory droplets or short-range aerosols from prolonged close contact
Signs & Symptoms
➸ Rash
➸ Fever
➸ Headache
➸ Sore throat
➸ Physical weakness
➸ Lymph node swelling
➸ Back pain and muscle aches
Diagnosis
Detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred laboratory test for mpox. The best diagnostic specimens are taken directly from the rash – skin, fluid or crusts – collected by vigorous swabbing. In the absence of skin lesions, testing can be done on oropharyngeal, anal or rectal swabs.
Prevention
1. Avoiding contact with infected animals (especially sick or dead animals).
2. Avoiding contact with bedding and other materials contaminated with the virus.
3. Thoroughly cooking all foods that contain animal meat or parts.
4. Washing your hands frequently with soap and water.
5. Avoiding contact with people who may be infected with the virus.
6. Wearing a mask that covers your mouth and nose when around others.
7. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for people infected with the virus.
Reference :
Sunday, September 8, 2019
Amoxicillin (Antibiotic, Penicillins)
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of cell wall of sensitive organisms, causing cell death.
Indications
- Infections due to susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococci, nonpencillinase-producing staphylococci
- Unlabeld use: Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in the presence of allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens.
Use caution in the presence of renal disorders, lactation.
Adverse Effects
CNS: Lethargy, hallucinations, seizures
GI: Glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, sore mouth, furry tongue, black "hairy" tongue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, nonspecific hepatitis
Hematologic: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, prolonged bleeding time
GU: Nephritis
Hypersensitivity reactions: Rash, fever, wheezing, anaphylaxis
Other: Superinfections-oral and rectal moniliasis, vaginitis
Pregnancy Category : B
Lactation : Excreted in Breast milk , use caution.
Source :
1. Drugs.com
2. Doctors Lung
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Shaken Baby Syndrome is a type of abusive head trauma, which can cause:
- Damage to a child’s brain.
- Permanent disabilities, like blindness or paralysis.
- Death.
Source : Daddy Mind Tricks |
Symptoms of Shaken Baby Syndrome
- Difficulty staying awake
- Body tremors
- Trouble breathing
- Poor eating
- Vomiting
- Discolored skin
- Deizures
- Coma
- Paralysis
How Is Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosed ?
To make a diagnosis, the doctor will look for the three conditions that often indicate shaken baby syndrome. These are:
- encephalopathy, or brain swelling
- subdural hemorrhage, or bleeding in the brain
- retinal hemorrhage, or bleeding in a part of the eye called the retina
The doctor will order a variety of tests to check for signs of brain damage and to help confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include:
- MRI scan, which uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain
- CT scan, which creates clear, cross-sectional images of the brain
- skeletal X-ray, which reveals spine, rib, and skull fractures
- ophthalmic exam, which checks for eye injuries and bleeding in the eyes.
Source
1. Caring for Kids, https://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/never_shake_a_baby
2. HealthLine.com, https://www.healthline.com/health/shaken-baby-syndrome