Hepatitis is a medical condition chareterized by inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis.
Types
There are 5 main Hepatitis viruses :
1. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
2. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
3. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
4. Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)
5. Hepatitis E Virus (HDV)
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Common modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual contact.
Related Article
- Cirrhosis of Liver
- Causes of Hepatomegaly
- Causes Of Jaundice
1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) :
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. Certain sex practices can also spread HAV. Infections are in many cases mild, with most people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections. However, HAV infections can also be severe and life threatening. Most people in areas of the world with poor sanitation have been infected with this virus. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HAV.
2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) :
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen, and other body fluids. HBV can be transmitted from infected mothers to infants at the time of birth or from family member to infant in early childhood. Transmission may also occur through transfusions of HBV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. HBV also poses a risk to healthcare workers who sustain accidental needle stick injuries while caring for infected-HBV patients. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HBV.
3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) :
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mostly transmitted through exposure to infective blood. This may happen through transfusions of HCV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. Sexual transmission is also possible, but is much less common. There is no vaccine for HCV.
4. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) :
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections occur only in those who are infected with HBV. The dual infection of HDV and HBV can result in a more serious disease and worse outcome. Hepatitis B vaccines provide protection from HDV infection.
5. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) :
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. HEV is a common cause of hepatitis outbreaks in developing parts of the world and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of disease in developed countries. Safe and effective vaccines to prevent HEV infection have been developed but are not widely available.
Symptoms & Sign of Hepatitis
Sometimes there aren't any symptoms. he most common symptoms of hepatitis are things like :
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Mild fever
- Muscle or joint aches
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain in your belly
- Dark urine
- Light-colored stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
- Itchy feeling
- Mental changes, such as stupor (being in a daze) or coma
- Bleeding inside your body
Complications
1. Cirrhosis of Liver
2. Liver cancer
3. Liver failure
4. Kidney failure
5. Chronic infections
6. Chronic Liver diseases
Prevention
The virus that causes hepatitis is often easy to spread, but there are many things you can do to prevent it.
1. Vaccination
2. Good personal habits will help reduce the spread of hepatitis A and hepatitis E.
3. If you’re a health care worker or caregiver for someone who has a contagious form of hepatitis, take extra steps to stay clean. Wash your hands, utensils, bedding, and clothes with soap and hot water.
4. To prevent the spread of hepatitis B, stay away from the blood or body of someone who has it. That means no kissing or sex.
5. Don’t share razors, scissors, nail files, toothbrushes, or needles, either.
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO) : What is hepatitis?
http://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/
2. WebMD (2015) : Hepatitis
http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-symptoms
3. Live Science
http://www.livescience.com/34735-hepatitis-symptoms-treatment.html
Related Article
- Cirrhosis of Liver
- Causes of Hepatomegaly
- Causes Of Jaundice
Types
There are 5 main Hepatitis viruses :
1. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
2. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
3. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
4. Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)
5. Hepatitis E Virus (HDV)
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Common modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual contact.
Related Article
- Cirrhosis of Liver
- Causes of Hepatomegaly
- Causes Of Jaundice
1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) :
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. Certain sex practices can also spread HAV. Infections are in many cases mild, with most people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections. However, HAV infections can also be severe and life threatening. Most people in areas of the world with poor sanitation have been infected with this virus. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HAV.
2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) :
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen, and other body fluids. HBV can be transmitted from infected mothers to infants at the time of birth or from family member to infant in early childhood. Transmission may also occur through transfusions of HBV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. HBV also poses a risk to healthcare workers who sustain accidental needle stick injuries while caring for infected-HBV patients. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HBV.
3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) :
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mostly transmitted through exposure to infective blood. This may happen through transfusions of HCV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. Sexual transmission is also possible, but is much less common. There is no vaccine for HCV.
4. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) :
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections occur only in those who are infected with HBV. The dual infection of HDV and HBV can result in a more serious disease and worse outcome. Hepatitis B vaccines provide protection from HDV infection.
5. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) :
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. HEV is a common cause of hepatitis outbreaks in developing parts of the world and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of disease in developed countries. Safe and effective vaccines to prevent HEV infection have been developed but are not widely available.
Symptoms & Sign of Hepatitis
Sometimes there aren't any symptoms. he most common symptoms of hepatitis are things like :
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Mild fever
- Muscle or joint aches
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain in your belly
- Dark urine
- Light-colored stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
- Itchy feeling
- Mental changes, such as stupor (being in a daze) or coma
- Bleeding inside your body
Complications
1. Cirrhosis of Liver
2. Liver cancer
3. Liver failure
4. Kidney failure
5. Chronic infections
6. Chronic Liver diseases
Prevention
The virus that causes hepatitis is often easy to spread, but there are many things you can do to prevent it.
1. Vaccination
2. Good personal habits will help reduce the spread of hepatitis A and hepatitis E.
3. If you’re a health care worker or caregiver for someone who has a contagious form of hepatitis, take extra steps to stay clean. Wash your hands, utensils, bedding, and clothes with soap and hot water.
4. To prevent the spread of hepatitis B, stay away from the blood or body of someone who has it. That means no kissing or sex.
5. Don’t share razors, scissors, nail files, toothbrushes, or needles, either.
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO) : What is hepatitis?
http://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/
2. WebMD (2015) : Hepatitis
http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-symptoms
3. Live Science
http://www.livescience.com/34735-hepatitis-symptoms-treatment.html
Related Article
- Cirrhosis of Liver
- Causes of Hepatomegaly
- Causes Of Jaundice
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I was able to overcome senile dementia via a complete naturopathic process.
ReplyDeleteAbout two years ago, when I was 56, I started feeling foggy and had occasional memory lapses. My wife, Mary, started to notice it, too, but I also have hearing problems so she thought that was the problem. My memory problems worsened very gradually over the years, and we lived with it, compensating as needed. I became less social. After some months thereafter, it got to the point where we couldn’t keep making excuses or ignoring it. I had gone from doing our grocery shopping without a list to going with a list, to having the list but not buying what was on it.
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