Placenta Previa is a condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix. The placenta may separate from the uterine wall as the cervix begins to dilate (open) during labor.
Placenta previa affects about 1 in 200 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. If you have placenta previa, you'll probably be restricted from physical exertion for a portion of your pregnancy and you'll likely require a cesarean section (C-section) to safely deliver your baby.
Types
1. Complete previa: the cervical opening is completely covered
2. Partial previa: a portion of the cervix is covered by the placenta
3. Marginal previa: extends just to the edge of the cervix
Causes
1. More than one child
2. Surgery on the uterus
3. Twins or triplets
4. A cesarean birth
5. Older
6. Smoker
2. Surgery on the uterus
3. Twins or triplets
4. A cesarean birth
5. Older
6. Smoker
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- Bright red vaginal bleeding without pain during the second half of pregnancy is the main sign of placenta previa.
- Bleeding ranges from light to heavy.
- The bleeding usually stops without treatment, but it nearly always returns days or weeks later.
Diagnosis
1. Abdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to clearly determine placental location.
Treatment
Once diagnosed, placenta previa will usually require bed rest for the mother and frequent hospital visits. Depending on the gestational age, steroid shots may be given to help mature the baby’s lungs. If the mother experiences bleeding that cannot be controlled, an immediate cesarean delivery is usually done regardless of the length of the pregnancy. Some marginal previas can be delivered vaginally, although complete or partial previas would require a cesarean delivery.
If your bleeding can't be controlled or your baby is in distress, you may need an emergency C-section — even if the baby is premature.
Most physicians recommend women who are experiencing placenta previa to :
- Avoid intercourse
- Limit traveling
- Avoid pelvic exams
Reference
1. American Pregnancy Association : http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/placenta-previa/
2. WebMD : http://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-placenta-previa-basics
3. MAYO CLINIC : http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/placenta-previa/basics/treatment/con-20032219
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