Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT)

                The transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, labour, delivery or breastfeeding is called mother-to-child transmission. In the absence of any interventions transmission rates range from 15-45%. This rate can be reduced to levels below 5% with effective interventions. Elimination of new HIV infections among children can be achieved through the Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT). PMTCT is an intervention to ensure that no child is born with HIV and it is an essential step to ensuring an AIDS free generation. The PMTCT initiative provides drugs, counseling and psychological support to help mothers safeguard their infants against the virus.

Pregnant women infected with HIV are at high risk of transmitting HIV to their infants during pregnancy, during birth or through breastfeeding. Over 90% of new HIV infections among infants and young children occur through Mother to Child Transmission. Without any intervention, the risk of transmission of infection from the mother to the baby is 20-45 percent.

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The current WHO guidelines recommend two Interventions :
1. Providing lifelong ART to all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage or
2. Providing ART (ARV drugs) for pregnant and breastfeeding women with HIV during the mother-to-child transmission risk period and then continuing lifelong ART for those women eligible for treatment for their own health.

Reference 
1. UNICEF
http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_42855.html
2. WHO
http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/mtct/en/
3. Image from : 
http://yourpci.org

Related Article :
-  Tuberculosis (TB)
-  Acyclovir [ Antiviral ]
-  Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)

1 Comments

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