Fever and Rash Diagnosis

              Fever (also known as pyrexia or a febrile response) is defined as a body temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the temperature regulatory set-point. There is not a single agreed upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using values between 37.5 and 38.3 °C (99.5 and 100.9 °F). A fever can be caused by many medical conditions ranging from the not serious to potentially serious. This includes viral, bacterial and parasitic infections such as the common cold, urinary tract infections, meningitis, malaria and appendicitis among others. Non infectious causes include vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, side effects of medication, and cancer among others.

1. Maculopapular Erythematous
☞ Enterovirus
☞ EBV, CMV
☞ Toxoplasma
☞ HIV
☞ Colorado tick
☞ Salmonella typhi
☞ Leptospira interrogans
☞ Measles, rubella, Hepatitis B
☞ Treponema pallidum
☞ Human herpes virus 6
☞ Parvovirus B19
2. Vesicular
☞ Varicella zoster
☞ Herpes simplex
☞ Coxackie A
☞ Vibrio fulnificus
3. Cutaneous Petechiae
☞ Neisseria gonorrhoeae
☞ Neisseria meningitidis
☞ Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
☞ Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus)
☞ Ehrlichia chaffeensis
☞ Echoviruses
☞ Viridans streptococci (endocarditis)
4. Diffuse Erythroderma
☞ Group A streptococci (scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome)
☞ Staphylococcus aureus (toxic shock syndrome)
5. Distinctive Rash
☞ Ecthyma gangrenosum - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
☞ Erythema chronicum migrans-Lyme disease
6. Mucous Membrane Lesions
☞ Vesicular pharyngitis-Coxsackie A virus
☞ Palatal petechiae-rubella, EBV, scarlet fever (group A streptococci)
☞ Erythema-toxic shock syndrome (Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci)
☞ Oral ulceronodular lesion- Histopiasma capsulatum
☞ Kopilk's spots-measles virus