A kidney stone is a solid piece of material which formed in the kidneys from minerals in the urine. It is also known as Renal Calculi or Renal lithiasis or Nephrolithiasis. Dehydration is a major risk factor for kidney stone formation.
Facts
1. A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
2. Nephrolithiasis is the medical term for kidney stones.
3. Dehydration is a major risk factor for kidney stone formation.
4. Symptoms of a kidney stone include flank pain (the pain can be quite severe) and blood in the urine (hematuria).
5. Diagnosis of kidney stones is best accomplished using an ultrasound, IVP, or a CT scan.
Risk Factors
✪ Male sex
✪ Obesity
✪ Family History
✪ H/o stone disease (1/2 will have recurrence)
✪ Dietary factors
- Lower fluid intake, higher animal protein, higher Vitamin C
✪ Medical factors
Types Of Stone
1. Calcium Oxalate
- Incidence 80%
- Crystal shape : Envelope
2. Calcium Phosphate
- Incidence < 5%
- Crystal shape : Amorphous
3. Struvite
- Incidence 10%
- Crystal shape : Coffin-lid
4. Urice Acid
- Incidence 10%
- Crystal shape : Diamond
5. Cystine
- Incidence < 1%
- Crystal shape : Hexogonal.
Related Article :
- Phimosis
- Urinaru Tract Infection ( UTI )
- Acute Rheumatic Fever
Sign & Symptoms
1. While some kidney stones may not produce symptoms, people who have kidney stones often report the sudden onset of excruciating, cramping pain in their low back and/or side, groin, or abdomen.
2. It may be so severe that it is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Sweating
4. Difficulty urinating, urinary urgency
5. Penile pain, or testicular pain
6. Haematuria
7. If infection is present in the urinary tract along with the stones, there may be fever and chills.
8. Renal Impairment
Diagnosis
1. The classic presentation of renal colic associated with blood in the urine suggests the diagnosis of kidney stone.
2. Urinalysis
3. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning
4. X-ray of KUB
Treatment
✔ Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own within 48 hours, with ample fluid intake.
✔ A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9 mm-10 mm rarely pass without specific treatment.
✔ Ketorolac (Toradol), an injectable anti-inflammatory drug, and narcotics may be used for pain control when over-the-counter pain control medications are not effective.
✔ Intravenous pain medications can be given when nausea and vomiting are present.
✔ Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include Calcium Channel Blockers and Alpha Blockers.
✔ Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones when other treatment methods are not effective. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope passed through the urethra and bladder up into the ureter.
Prevention
1. While kidney stones and renal colic cannot always be prevented, the risk of forming a stone can be minimized by avoiding dehydration.
2. Keeping the urine dilute will not allow the chemical crystals to come out of solution and form the beginning nidus of a stone.
3. Making certain that the urine remains clear and not concentrated (dark yellow) will help minimize stone formation.
4. Medication may be prescribed for certain types of stones, and compliance with taking the medication is a must to reduce the risk of future episodes.
Rederences
1. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/kidney_stones
2. http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stones
Related Article :
- Phimosis
- Urinaru Tract Infection ( UTI )
- Acute Rheumatic Fever
Facts
1. A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
2. Nephrolithiasis is the medical term for kidney stones.
3. Dehydration is a major risk factor for kidney stone formation.
4. Symptoms of a kidney stone include flank pain (the pain can be quite severe) and blood in the urine (hematuria).
5. Diagnosis of kidney stones is best accomplished using an ultrasound, IVP, or a CT scan.
Risk Factors
✪ Male sex
✪ Obesity
✪ Family History
✪ H/o stone disease (1/2 will have recurrence)
✪ Dietary factors
- Lower fluid intake, higher animal protein, higher Vitamin C
✪ Medical factors
Types Of Stone
1. Calcium Oxalate
- Incidence 80%
- Crystal shape : Envelope
2. Calcium Phosphate
- Incidence < 5%
- Crystal shape : Amorphous
3. Struvite
- Incidence 10%
- Crystal shape : Coffin-lid
4. Urice Acid
- Incidence 10%
- Crystal shape : Diamond
5. Cystine
- Incidence < 1%
- Crystal shape : Hexogonal.
Related Article :
- Phimosis
- Urinaru Tract Infection ( UTI )
- Acute Rheumatic Fever
Sign & Symptoms
1. While some kidney stones may not produce symptoms, people who have kidney stones often report the sudden onset of excruciating, cramping pain in their low back and/or side, groin, or abdomen.
2. It may be so severe that it is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Sweating
4. Difficulty urinating, urinary urgency
5. Penile pain, or testicular pain
6. Haematuria
7. If infection is present in the urinary tract along with the stones, there may be fever and chills.
8. Renal Impairment
Diagnosis
1. The classic presentation of renal colic associated with blood in the urine suggests the diagnosis of kidney stone.
2. Urinalysis
3. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning
4. X-ray of KUB
Treatment
✔ Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own within 48 hours, with ample fluid intake.
✔ A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9 mm-10 mm rarely pass without specific treatment.
✔ Ketorolac (Toradol), an injectable anti-inflammatory drug, and narcotics may be used for pain control when over-the-counter pain control medications are not effective.
✔ Intravenous pain medications can be given when nausea and vomiting are present.
✔ Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include Calcium Channel Blockers and Alpha Blockers.
✔ Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones when other treatment methods are not effective. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope passed through the urethra and bladder up into the ureter.
Prevention
1. While kidney stones and renal colic cannot always be prevented, the risk of forming a stone can be minimized by avoiding dehydration.
2. Keeping the urine dilute will not allow the chemical crystals to come out of solution and form the beginning nidus of a stone.
3. Making certain that the urine remains clear and not concentrated (dark yellow) will help minimize stone formation.
4. Medication may be prescribed for certain types of stones, and compliance with taking the medication is a must to reduce the risk of future episodes.
Rederences
1. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/kidney_stones
2. http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stones
Related Article :
- Phimosis
- Urinaru Tract Infection ( UTI )
- Acute Rheumatic Fever
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I was able to overcome senile dementia via a complete naturopathic process.
ReplyDeleteAbout two years ago, when I was 56, I started feeling foggy and had occasional memory lapses. My wife, Mary, started to notice it, too, but I also have hearing issues so she thought that was the problem. My memory problems worsened very gradually over the years, and we lived with it, compensating as needed. I became less social. After some months thereafter, it got to the point where we couldn’t keep making excuses or ignoring it. I had gone from doing our grocery shopping without a list to going with a list, to having the list but not buying what was on it.
Mary went online to do some research, and it was during this period we had been fortunate enough to come across Dr. Utu: an African traditional herbalist and witch doctor whose professional works had majored on the eradication of certain viral conditions, especially dementia, ( improving the memory capacity positively), via a traditional, naturopathic process and distinguished diet plan. It was by the administration of this herbal specialist that I had been able to improve my condition for better. So to say, the encounter with the above-mentioned herbal practitioner was the first time we ever heard there was something that possibly can be done to improve my memory functionality.
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I would also wish for the same positiveness upon patients who may happen to be suffering from this debilitating disease, and would warmly beseech them to find a confidant like this herbal specialist with whose professional services I was able to attain a divine recovery.
For further information concerning this African traditional cure for Alzheimer's disease; feel free to contact Dr. Utu Herbal Cure, directly via email: drutuherbalcure@gmail.com